Speaking of lamps and lanterns, I believe that the first thing that comes to mind is the incandescent lamp. After all, it is the lamp with the longest history and brought the first light to human night life. So what exactly is an incandescent light bulb? What kinds are there?
What is an incandescent lamp?
An electric light source that uses thermal radiation to emit visible light by heating the filament to incandescent state. Since the carbonized fiber (i.e., carbon filament) incandescent lamp was made by T.A. Edison in the United States in 1879, the luminous efficiency of the incandescent lamp has been improved correspondingly by people’s continuous improvement of filament material, filament structure and filling gas. In 1959, the United States developed on the basis of incandescent light halogen tungsten lamp with very small volume and fading light. The development trend of incandescent lamp is mainly to develop energy-saving bulbs. Although the light efficiency of incandescent lamp is low, but the light color and light collection performance is good, is the largest output, the most widely used electric light source.
Incandescent lamps give off a full range of colors, but the proportion of each color depends on the substance (tungsten) and temperature. This imbalance causes the color of the light to skew, so the color of the object is not realistic under the incandescent lamp.
With the continuous emergence of new products, new light sources are also born, such as LED light-emitting diode, which is a kind of semiconductor solid light emitting device, known as the fourth generation lighting source or green light source, with energy-saving, environmental protection, long life, small size and other characteristics, service life can reach 60,000 to 100,000 hours, more than 10 times longer than the traditional light source life; Electro-optical power conversion can be more than 10%, the same lighting effect than the traditional light source more than 80% energy saving.
What are the types of incandescent lamp?
Incandescent lamp is a light-emitting device made according to the thermal effect of current. It is an electric light source that heats the filament to incandescence and uses thermal radiation to emit visible light. It was developed in 1879 by T.A. Edison invented. Although the light efficiency of incandescent lamp is low, but the light color and light collection performance is good, is the largest output, the most widely used electric light source.
Incandescent lamps can be divided into ordinary lighting bulbs and special lighting bulbs according to their uses. Common lighting bulbs were further divided into clear (transparent) bulbs, white bulbs, milky white bulbs, matted bulbs, color bulbs, single spiral bulbs, double spiral bulbs, spherical bulbs, mushroom shaped bulbs, shake drag bulbs, reflection bulbs, spiral bulbs (lamp types E14 and E27), and caliper (socket) bulbs (lamp types B14 and B) 22) and so on.
Special lighting bulbs include decorative bulbs, local lighting bulbs, road locomotive bulbs, military bulbs, photographic bulbs, infrared bulbs, shadowless bulb, instrument bulbs, underwater bulbs, indicator bulbs, mining bulbs, Marine bulbs, aircraft bulbs, spotlighting bulbs, projection bulbs, exciting bulbs, printing bulbs, explosion-proof bulbs, small bulbs, ultra-small bulbs (micro bulbs) Rice bubble) and so on. Photoelectric parameters and dimensions are extremely varied.
[Difference between Incandescent Light bulbs and CFLS]
1. Ratio of advantages and disadvantages:
Although the light efficiency of incandescent lamp is low, but the light color and light collection performance is good, easy to install and use, can be started immediately, low cost, is the largest output, the most widely used electric light source, and this more than one hundred years, people continue to study, the filament material, filament structure, filling gas continuous improvement, incandescent light efficiency is also improving with The Times.
Energy-saving lamp, this kind of light source in the premise of achieving the same light output, only needs to consume 1/5 to 1/4 of the electricity consumption of ordinary incandescent lamp, thus can save a lot of lighting energy and cost 1) compared with ordinary fluorescent lamp energy saving 70-80%, low voltage fast start, no stflashing. 2) The use of pure three primary color fluorescent powder tube, so that the lighting object bright and fresh. 3) The appearance design is novel, with a number of patent technology, the support is made of aluminum alloy material, small and beautiful, never rust, environmental protection, flame retardant.
2. Longevity ratio:
The average service life of an incandescent lamp is 1000 hours. The glass shell of an incandescent lamp will turn black after a long time and will burn out after a period of time, because the filament used in an incandescent lamp is made of tungsten filament. After electricity, the temperature inside the bulb is as high as 2000 degrees. The high temperature for a long time makes the tungsten atoms on the surface of the tungsten wire evaporate and diffuse continuously like water vapor, and then deposit layer by layer onto the inner surface of the glass shell, making the glass shell slowly black and more and more opaque. The evaporation of the tungsten also causes the filament to become thinner and thinner, eventually burning. The higher the filament temperature, the faster the tungsten evaporates, the shorter the life of an incandescent lamp. CFLS last up to 8,000 hours and produce six to eight times as much light as regular bulbs.
3. Electricity ratio:
A family uses 15 light bulbs, each bulb 40W electricity cost calculation, take Philips energy-saving lamp as an example, 5W energy-saving lamp has a 25W incandescent lamp gives off the brightness, so 40W incandescent lamp is equivalent to 8W energy-saving lamp
⑴ Electricity charges for ordinary bulbs:
15 lights x 40W/ lights x 5 hours/day x 30 days =90000W x hours =90 degrees
Monthly electricity charge =90 KWH x 1 yuan/KWH =90 yuan
⑵ Electricity costs of energy-saving lamps:
15 lights x 8W/ lights x 5 hours/day x 30 days =18000W x hours =18 degrees
Monthly electricity charge =18 KWH x 1 yuan/KWH =18 yuan
That is, the family can save electricity bill after using energy-saving lamps: 90 yuan – 18 yuan =72 yuan, a year can save electricity bill 864 yuan
4. Price ratio:
The market price of incandescent lamp is 25W to 100W price is 2 yuan to 3 yuan, the price of energy-saving lamp is from 8 yuan to dozens of yuan, the price is several times that of incandescent lamp, that is to say, according to a family with 15 bulbs, with incandescent lamp is 3×15=45 yuan, with energy-saving lamp is 15×15=225 yuan, but from the practical application, A family using energy-saving light bulbs a year is 864 yuan – 225 yuan =639 yuan, so the calculation is still energy-saving light bulbs compared to save money.
